The Chronicles of History
Illustrated timelines of civilisations and empires — from the Bronze Age to the twentieth century.
Pick a historical region to begin. Each chronicle traces the milestones of an era, year by year.
Egyptian History
14 chronicles- KemetPrehistoric Egypt
Trace Egypt from the Nile valley hunters and Nabta Playa through the Badarian and Naqada cultures to the unification under Narmer.
Prehistoric Egypt · before c. 3100 BCE - TawyEarly Dynastic Period
Follow Egypt from Narmer and Memphis through the First and Second Dynasties to Khasekhemwy and the dawn of the Old Kingdom.
Early Dynastic Egypt · c. 3100–2686 BCE - Age of the PyramidsOld Kingdom
Follow Egypt's Age of the Pyramids from Djoser and Imhotep through Giza and the sun temples to the long reign of Pepi II and the Old Kingdom's fall.
Old Kingdom · c. 2686–2181 BCE - Collapse & RenewalFirst Intermediate & Middle Kingdom
Follow Egypt from the collapse of the Old Kingdom through Mentuhotep II's reunification and the Twelfth Dynasty golden age to the rise of the Hyksos.
First Intermediate & Middle Kingdom · c. 2181–1650 BCE - The Hyksos AgeSecond Intermediate Period
Follow Egypt from Hyksos rule at Avaris and the kingdom of Kush to the Theban wars of liberation under Seqenenre Tao and Kamose.
Second Intermediate Period · c. 1650–1550 BCE - The Egyptian EmpireNew Kingdom
Follow Egypt's imperial golden age from Ahmose and Hatshepsut through Thutmose III, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamun to Ramesses the Great and the Sea Peoples.
New Kingdom · c. 1550–1069 BCE - Division & Foreign KingsThird Intermediate Period
Follow Egypt from the division of Tanis and Thebes through the Libyan and Kushite dynasties to the Assyrian invasions and the Saite reunification.
Third Intermediate Period · c. 1069–664 BCE - The Last PharaohsLate Period
Follow Egypt from the Saite renaissance through the Persian conquests and the last native pharaohs to the arrival of Alexander the Great.
Late Period · c. 664–332 BCE - Hellenistic EgyptPtolemaic Period
Follow Hellenistic Egypt from Ptolemy I and the Library of Alexandria through the Rosetta Stone and Roman intervention to Cleopatra VII and Actium.
Ptolemaic Period · 332–30 BCE - AegyptusRoman & Byzantine Egypt
Follow Egypt from Augustus and the granary of Rome through Christianity, desert monasticism, and the Coptic schism to the Persian occupation and the Arab conquest.
Roman & Byzantine Egypt · 30 BCE–641 CE - MisrIslamic Egypt
Follow Egypt from the Arab conquest and Fustat through the Fatimids and Cairo, Saladin's Ayyubids, and the Mamluk Sultanate to the Ottoman conquest.
Islamic Egypt · 641–1517 - Eyalet-i MısırOttoman Egypt
Follow Egypt from the Ottoman conquest and the Qanun-name through the Mamluk beys and Ali Bey al-Kabir to Napoleon's invasion and the power vacuum of 1801.
Ottoman Egypt · 1517–1805 - The Making of Modern EgyptMuhammad Ali & British Influence
Follow Egypt from Muhammad Ali and the Suez Canal through the British occupation and the 1919 revolution to the Kingdom of Egypt and the 1952 revolution.
Muhammad Ali & British Influence · 1805–1952 - Modern EgyptRepublic of Egypt
Follow modern Egypt from Nasser and the Suez Crisis through Sadat's peace and the Mubarak era to the 2011 revolution and the present.
Republic of Egypt · 1952–present
Greek History
9 chronicles- Aegean Bronze AgeBronze Age Greece
Discover the Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean worlds before the Greek alphabet.
Bronze Age Greece · 3200-1100 BC - Archaic GreeceArchaic Greece
Trace the rise of city-states, colonization, and early Greek identity.
Archaic Greece · 800-480 BC - Classical GreeceClassical Greece
Explore Athens, Sparta, and the high age of classical Greece.
Classical Greece · 490-323 BC - HellasHellenistic Period
Explore the Hellenistic world from Alexander to Rome.
Hellenistic Period · 323-31 BC - Provincia AchaeaRoman Greece
Trace Greece under Rome from Augustus and Hadrian to the eve of Constantinople.
Roman Greece · 27 BC-324 AD - ΡΩΜΑΝΙΑEastern Roman Empire
Journey through the Eastern Roman Empire's thousand-year history.
Eastern Roman Empire · 330-1453 AD - RumeliaOttoman Greece
Trace the Greek world under Ottoman rule and the road to independence.
Ottoman Greece · 1453-1830 AD - Hellenic RepublicModern Greek State
Trace the journey of modern Greece from independence to the European Union.
Modern Greek State · 1832-Present - ΙΩΝΙΑ · ΠΟΝΤΟΣPontus & Asia Minor
Follow the Greek presence in Ionia, Pontus and Cappadocia from the Ionian migrations to the Asia Minor catastrophe.
Pontus & Asia Minor · 1100 BC-1923 AD
Italian History
9 chronicles- ItaliaPrehistoric & Ancient Italy
Trace Italy from Pirro Nord and Ötzi through the nuraghi, the Villanovans, and the Latins to the eve of Rome's foundation.
Prehistoric & Ancient Italy · before 753 BCE - SPQRRoman History
Follow Rome from city-state beginnings to imperial transformation.
Roman History · 753 BC-476 AD - Alto MedioevoEarly Middle Ages
Trace Italy from the fall of Rome through the Ostrogoths, Lombards, popes, and Carolingians to the Ottonian empire.
Early Middle Ages · 476-1000 AD - Comuni e SignorieHigh Middle Ages & City-States
Trace Italy from the Normans and the Lombard League through Venice, the friars, and the Black Death to the signorie and the eve of the Italian Wars.
High Middle Ages & City-States · 1000-1494 AD - RinascimentoItalian Renaissance
Explore the rebirth of art, learning, and politics in the Italian city-states.
Italian Renaissance · 1300-1600 AD - Secolo di FerroForeign Domination & Early Modern Era
Trace Italy under Spanish, Austrian, and Bourbon rule from Cateau-Cambrésis to Napoleon.
Foreign Domination & Early Modern Italy · 1559-1797 AD - RisorgimentoNapoleonic Period & Risorgimento
Follow Italy from Napoleon and the Restoration through Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi to unification and the capture of Rome.
Napoleonic Period & Risorgimento · 1796-1871 AD - Italia LiberaleLiberal Italy & World Wars
Follow Italy from Giolitti and the Libyan war through the Great War, Mussolini's Fascism, and empire to the Second World War and the Liberation.
Liberal Italy & World Wars · 1871-1945 AD - Repubblica ItalianaRepublic of Italy
Follow Italy from the birth of the Republic and the economic miracle through the Years of Lead and the euro to the present day.
Republic of Italy · 1946-Present
British History
6 chronicles- BritanniaPrehistoric & Roman Britain
Trace the British Isles from Stonehenge and the Celtic tribes to the end of Roman rule.
Prehistoric & Roman Britain · 9000 BC-410 AD - EnglalandAnglo-Saxon England
Follow England from the Saxon migrations and Sutton Hoo to Alfred, Cnut, and Hastings.
Anglo-Saxon England · 449-1066 AD - PlantagenetNorman & Medieval England
Follow England from the Normans and Magna Carta to Agincourt and the Wars of the Roses.
Norman & Medieval England · 1066-1485 AD - Tudor & StuartEarly Modern Britain
Follow Britain from the Tudors and the Armada to the Civil Wars and the Act of Union.
Early Modern Britain · 1485-1714 AD - Pax BritannicaIndustrial & Imperial Britain
Follow Britain from Walpole and Trafalgar through Victoria and the empire to the eve of 1914.
Industrial & Imperial Britain · 1714-1914 AD - United KingdomModern Britain
Trace Britain from the trenches and the Blitz through the welfare state and the end of empire to Brexit and Charles III.
Modern Britain · 1914-Present
German History
7 chronicles- GermaniaGermanic Antiquity
Follow Germania from Arminius and the Teutoburg through the great migrations to the coronation of Charlemagne.
Germanic Antiquity · 750 BC-800 AD - Sacrum Imperium RomanumHoly Roman Empire
Follow the thousand-year Reich from Charlemagne and Otto the Great through Luther and Westphalia to Napoleon's dissolution of the Empire.
Holy Roman Empire · 800-1806 AD - DeutschlandRise of Prussia & German Unification
Follow Germany from Jena and the Stein reforms through 1848 and the Zollverein to Bismarck's wars and the proclamation at Versailles.
Rise of Prussia & German Unification · 1806-1871 AD - KaiserreichThe German Empire
Follow the Kaiserreich from Bismarck's chancellery and the welfare state through Tirpitz and the naval race to the Great War and the November Revolution.
The German Empire · 1871-1918 AD - Weimarer RepublikThe Weimar Republic
Follow Weimar Germany from the Spartacist Uprising and Versailles through the Golden Twenties to the Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act.
The Weimar Republic · 1919-1933 AD - Drittes ReichNazi Germany & World War II
Follow the Third Reich from the Enabling Act and the Nuremberg Laws through Blitzkrieg and the Holocaust to Stalingrad, D-Day, and the Berlin bunker.
Nazi Germany & World War II · 1933-1945 AD - BundesrepublikDivided & Modern Germany
Follow Germany from the four zones and the Wall through reunification and the euro to the Merkel era and the Zeitenwende.
Divided & Modern Germany · 1945-Present
French History
9 chronicles- GalliaPrehistoric & Ancient Gaul
Trace Gaul from the cave painters and the Carnac stones to Vercingetorix and the last Roman emperors of the West.
Prehistoric & Ancient Gaul · before the 5th century CE - FranciaEarly Middle Ages / Frankish Kingdoms
Follow Francia from Clovis and the Merovingians through Charlemagne and Verdun to the Vikings and Hugh Capet.
Frankish Kingdoms · 5th–10th centuries CE - Regnum FranciaeHigh & Late Middle Ages
Follow medieval France from the Capetians and the crusades through Bouvines, Saint Louis, Joan of Arc, and Louis XI.
High & Late Medieval France · 10th–15th centuries CE - Renaissance FrançaiseRenaissance & Religious Wars
Follow France from Francis I and Leonardo through the massacre of Saint Bartholomew to Henri IV and the Edict of Nantes.
French Renaissance & Wars of Religion · 15th–16th centuries CE - Ancien RégimeAbsolute Monarchy & the Ancien Régime
Follow France from Richelieu and Louis XIV at Versailles through the Enlightenment to the eve of the Revolution.
Absolute Monarchy & the Ancien Régime · 17th–18th centuries CE - Liberté · Égalité · FraternitéFrench Revolution & Napoleon
Follow France month by month from the Bastille and the Terror through Austerlitz and the retreat from Moscow to Waterloo.
French Revolution & Napoleon · 1789–1815 - Le long XIXe siècle19th-Century France
Follow France from the Bourbon Restoration through the Commune and the Dreyfus Affair to the mobilisation of 1914.
19th-Century France · 1815–1914 - République en périlWorld Wars & Crisis
Follow France month by month from the Marne and Verdun through Vichy and the Resistance to the liberation of Paris.
France · World Wars & Crisis · 1914–1945 - République françaiseModern & Contemporary France
Follow France from the Fourth Republic and de Gaulle through Mitterrand, the euro, and Charlie Hebdo to the Paris Olympics.
Modern & Contemporary France · 1945–present
Spanish History
10 chronicles- HispaniaPrehistoric & Ancient Iberia
Trace Iberia from Atapuerca and Altamira through Tartessos, Emporion, and the Barcids to the eve of Roman conquest.
Prehistoric & Ancient Iberia · before 218 BCE - Hispania RomanaRoman Hispania
Follow Hispania from the Scipiones and Numantia through Trajan and Hadrian to the Visigothic kingdom and the end of Roman rule.
Roman Hispania · 218 BCE – 5th century CE - Regnum GothorumVisigothic Spain
Follow Visigothic Spain from Toulouse and Vouillé through Leovigild, Reccared, and Isidore of Seville to Roderic and Guadalete.
Visigothic Spain · 5th century – 711 CE - al-AndalusAl-Andalus & the Reconquista
Follow Iberia from Covadonga and the Caliphate of Córdoba through Las Navas de Tolosa and the Alhambra to the fall of Granada in 1492.
Al-Andalus & the Reconquista · 711–1492 CE - Monarchía HispánicaThe Spanish Empire & Golden Age
Follow Spain from Tordesillas and Cortés through Lepanto, the Armada, Velázquez, and Rocroi to the death of the last Habsburg.
Spanish Empire & Golden Age · 1492–1700 - España BorbónicaBourbon Reforms & Decline of Empire
Follow Spain from the War of the Spanish Succession and the Nueva Planta through Charles III and Trafalgar to the Dos de Mayo of 1808.
Bourbon Spain · 1700–1808 - España LiberalCrisis, Liberalism & Lost Colonies
Follow Spain from Bailén and the Cortes of Cádiz through Ayacucho, the Carlist Wars, and the Restoration to the Disaster of '98.
Crisis, Liberalism & Lost Colonies · 1808–1898 - España en guerraEarly 20th Century & Civil War
Follow Spain from Alfonso XIII and the Tragic Week through Primo de Rivera and the Second Republic to Guernica and the fall of the Republic.
Early 20th Century & Civil War · 1898–1939 - El CaudilloFrancoist Spain
Follow Spain from Franco's victory and the Years of Hunger through the Pact of Madrid and desarrollismo to Carrero Blanco and the death of the Caudillo.
Francoist Spain · 1939–1975 - España democráticaDemocratic Spain & the Modern Era
Follow Spain from Juan Carlos I and the Constitution of 1978 through Europe, the Olympics, and the 11-M to the abdication, Catalonia, and the present.
Democratic Spain · 1975–present
Russian History
8 chronicles- Before Rus'Early Slavic / Pre-State Period
Trace the Slavic, Finnic, steppe, and Varangian worlds before the rise of Rus'.
Early Slavic / Pre-State Period · before c. 862 CE - Rus' of KyivKievan Rus'
Follow Rus' from Rurik and Oleg through Vladimir's baptism, Yaroslav's high age, fragmentation, and the Mongol conquest.
Kievan Rus' · c. 862-1240 - From Horde to MuscovyFragmentation & Mongol Period
Follow the Rus' principalities under the Golden Horde, the rise of Moscow, Novgorod's fall, and the road to the tsardom.
Fragmentation & Mongol Period · 1240-c. 1480/1547 - Tsardom of RussiaTsardom of Russia
Follow Russia from Ivan the Terrible and the conquest of Kazan through the Time of Troubles and the Romanovs to Peter the Great and the founding of the empire.
Tsardom of Russia · 1547-1721 - Imperium RossicumRussian Empire
Follow imperial Russia from Peter and Catherine the Great through 1812 and the emancipation of the serfs to the revolutions that ended the Romanovs.
Russian Empire · 1721-1917 - 1917 · РеволюцияRevolution & Civil War
Follow Russia month by month from the February Revolution and Red October through the Civil War and the Red Terror to the birth of the Soviet Union.
Revolution & Civil War · 1917-1922 - СССР · USSRSoviet Union
Follow the USSR from Lenin and Stalin through the Great Patriotic War and the Cold War to Gorbachev and the dissolution of 1991.
Soviet Union · 1922-1991 - Российская ФедерацияRussian Federation
Follow post-Soviet Russia from Yeltsin and shock therapy through the rise of Putin and Crimea to the war in Ukraine.
Russian Federation · 1991-Present