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Chronicle VII of X

Crisis, Liberalism & Lost Colonies

España Liberal

A century of civil war and lost colonies, ending in the Disaster of 1898.

Span
1808 – 1898
Entries
14

  1. BailénMilitary

    Castaños wins at Bailén

    On 19 July, in the olive groves of Andalusia, the Spanish general Francisco Javier Castaños forces the surrender of an entire French corps under General Dupont — the first capitulation of a Napoleonic army in open battle and the spark of European hope against the Empire.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  2. La PepaPolitical

    The Constitution of Cádiz

    On 19 March — the feast of Saint Joseph, from which the constitution would take its nickname La Pepa — the extraordinary Cortes assembled at Cádiz proclaims a sovereignty resting in the nation, a single-chamber parliament, equal rights for Spaniards on both sides of the Atlantic, and freedom of the press.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  3. Liberal TrienniumPolitical

    Riego's pronunciamiento

    On 1 January, in the town of Cabezas de San Juan in Andalusia, Lieutenant-Colonel Rafael del Riego raises his troops — mustered for embarkation to fight the colonial rebels in America — and proclaims the restoration of the Constitution of 1812. The Liberal Triennium is born.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  4. AyacuchoPolitical

    Ayacucho and the end of mainland America

    On 9 December, on the high plain of Ayacucho in the Peruvian Andes, the patriot army of Sucre destroys the last royalist force under Viceroy La Serna. The mainland empire of three centuries is gone; only Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines remain to Spain.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  5. First Carlist WarMilitary

    Death of Ferdinand VII; the Carlist Wars open

    Ferdinand VII dies on 29 September leaving the throne, by the contested Pragmatic Sanction, to his three-year-old daughter Isabella under the regency of her mother Maria Christina. The king's reactionary brother Don Carlos proclaims himself Carlos V — and the First Carlist War begins.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  6. MendizábalReligious

    Mendizábal disentails the Church

    Prime Minister Juan Álvarez Mendizábal nationalises and auctions the lands of the monastic orders — the famous desamortización. Within a decade nearly two thirds of monastic estates are in lay hands.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  7. VicálvaroPolitical

    The Vicalvarada and the Progressive Biennium

    On the plain of Vicálvaro east of Madrid, Generals Leopoldo O'Donnell and Domingo Dulce face the loyalist forces of Isabella II in an indecisive skirmish, but the political movement they spark — the Vicalvarada — sweeps Espartero into power and opens the Progressive Biennium of 1854–1856.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  8. La GloriosaPolitical

    The Glorious Revolution exiles Isabella II

    On 17 September Admiral Topete pronounces at Cádiz; on 28 September Generals Prim and Serrano defeat the royalists at the bridge of Alcolea. Isabella II, swimming at Lekeitio on the Biscay coast, crosses the French frontier on 30 September — and the throne of Spain is empty.

    Meanwhile, elsewhere · 3

  9. 6 more entries, to 1898