French InvasionMilitary
Napoleon's First Italian Campaign
A young General Bonaparte sweeps into northern Italy, routing the Austrians and Piedmontese and overturning the old order of the peninsula in a single dazzling campaign.
Given command of a ragged, unpaid Army of Italy in March 1796, the twenty-six-year-old Napoleon Bonaparte crossed the Ligurian Alps and in a few weeks split the Austrian and Piedmontese armies, winning at Montenotte, Mondovì, and the bridge of Lodi. Piedmont sued for an armistice, and the French drove on to Milan, Mantua, and the Papal Legations. The campaign introduced revolutionary France to Italy with all its contradictions — the abolition of feudal privilege and the proclamation of liberty on the one hand, the systematic looting of art and treasure for Paris on the other. It also revealed the political genius of a commander who would, within a decade, make himself master of Europe and remake the Italian map at will.